• P-ISSN 0973-7200 E-ISSN 2454-8405
  • Follow us

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Article

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Year: 2020, Volume: 19, Issue: 2, Pages: 12-16

Original Article

Isolation and Structural Characterisation of Phytoconstituents of Coccinia indica Extract

Abstract

Coccinia indica is a medicinal plant because of its bioactive compounds. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify the phytoconstituents of Coccinia indica extract using chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. Powdered C. indica leaves were successively extracted with chloroform, methanol, and ethyl acetate. Purification was carried out by Soxhlet extraction and column chromatography using silica gel as the stationary phase. Compound separation and analysis were performed using thin-layer and high-performance thin-layer chromatography. Infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry were used to determine the structures of the isolated compounds. A light-yellow crystalline substance (470 mg) with a molecular formula of C29H50O and a molecular weight 414.71 g/mol. The melting point was 145°C, and the compound was soluble in both alcohol and chloroform. The Rf value was 0.55. The IR spectrum revealed the presence of functional groups such as hydroxyl (-OH) and aliphatic C-H stretching. ¹H-NMR spectroscopy revealed characteristic peaks that facilitated the structural elucidation. Mass spectrometry yielded a molecular ion peak at m/z 414, confirming the molecular structure. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, amino acids, phytosterols, triterpenoids, alkaloids, fats, oils, and flavonoids. This also indicated the absence of tannins, phenols, vitamin C, and saponins. This is the first study to isolate and identify the bioactive phytoconstituents of Coccinia indica. Chromatographic and spectroscopic characterisation elucidated its structure and indicated its value as a pharmacologically active molecule, with implications for the development of future drugs and therapies.

Keywords: Coccinia indica, Phytochemical Characterisation, Chloroform Extract

References

  1. Yabesh JEM, Prabhu S, Vijayakumar S. An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by traditional healers in silent valley of Kerala, India. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2014;154(3):774–789. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.004
  2. Khan AK, AKhtar S, Mahtab H. Treatment of diabetes mellitus with Coccinia indica. BMJ. 1980;280(6220):1044. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.280.6220.1044
  3. Chopra R, Chopra I, Handa K, Kapur L. Chopra's Indigenous drugs of India (2). (pp. 314-320) Kolkata. Academic Publishers. 1958.
  4. Wasantwisut E, Viriyapanich TI. Ivy Gourd (Coccinia grandis Voigt, Coccinia cordifolia, Coccinia indica) in Human Nutrition and Traditional Applications. In: Simopoulos AP, Gopalan C, AG SK., eds. Plants in Human Health and Nutrition Policy. (Vol. 91, pp. 60-66) 2003.
  5. Jung M, Park M, Lee H, Kang YH, Kang E, Kim S. Antidiabetic Agents from Medicinal Plants. Current Medicinal Chemistry. 2006;13(10):1203–1218. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986706776360860
  6. Kumar G, Sudheesh S, Vijayalakshmi N. Hypoglycaemic Effect of Coccinia indica: Mechanism of Action. Planta Medica. 1993;59(04):330–332. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-959693
  7. Rao G, Rao CV, Sudhakara M, Pandey MM, Rawat A, Sirwaikar A, et al. Anti-inflammatory and Antinociceptive Activities of 'Coccinia indica W. &A.' Fruit Juice Powder in Animals. Natural Product Sciences. 2004;10(1):20–23. Available from: https://researcher.manipal.edu/en/publications/anti-inflammatory-and-antinociceptive-activities-of-coccinia-indi
  8. Niazi J, Singh P, Bansal Y, Goel RK. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity of aqueous extract of fresh leaves of Coccinia indica. Inflammopharmacology. 2009;17:239–244. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10787-009-0010-3
  9. Juneja D, Shrivastava P, Guha M, Saxena R. Preliminary phytochemical screening of some folklore medicinal pants for their anti-inflammatory activity. Pharmacognosy Magazine. 2007;3(11):201.
  10. Gopalakrishnan V, Rao K, Devi M, Padmaha N, Lakshmi PM, Srividya T, et al. Antihepatotoxic acticity of Coccinia indica. Ancient Science of life. 2001;21(1):12–17. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/asol/abstract/2001/21010/ANTIHEPATOTOXIC_ACTICITY_OF_COCCINIA_INDICA.3.aspx
  11. Vadivu R, Krithika A, Biplab C, Dedeepya P, Shoeb N, Lakshmi KS. Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of the fruits of coccinia grandis linn. International Journal of Health Research. 2010;1(3). Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijhr.v1i3.55366
  12. Rao G, Vijayakumar M, Rao C, Rawat A, Mehrotra S. Hepatoprotective Effect of Coccinia indica Against CCl4 Induced Hepatotoxicity. Natural Product Sciences. 2003;9(1):13–17. Available from: https://koreascience.kr/article/JAKO200303041140655.pdf
  13. Venkateswaran S, Pari L. Effect of Coccinia indica leaves on antioxidant status in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2003;84(2-3):163–168. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-8741(02)00294-5
  14. Umamaheswari M, Chatterjee TK. In vitro antioxidant activities of the fractions of Coccinia grandis l. leaf extract. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines. 2008;5(1). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20162057/
  15. Joshi B, Lekhak S, Sharma A. Antibacterial Property of Different Medicinal Plants: Ocimum sanctum, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Xanthoxylum armatum and Origanum majorana. Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology. 2010;5(1):143–150. Available from: https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/KUSET/article/view/2854
  16. Rahuman AA, Venkatesan P. Larvicidal efficacy of five cucurbitaceous plant leaf extracts against mosquito species. Parasitology Research. 2008;103(1):133–139. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-008-0940-5
  17. Chandrasekar B, Mukherjee B, Mukherjee S. Blood sugar lowering potentiality of selected Cucurbitaceae plants of Indian origin. The Indian journal of medical research. 1989;90:300–305. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2620957/
  18. Kamble S, Jyotishi G, Kamlakar P, Vaidya SM. Efficacy of Coccinia indica W. & A in diabetes mellitus. Journal of Research in Ayurveda & Siddha. 1996;17:77–84. Available from: https://www.audistherbs.in/files/pdfs/pdf-17.pdf
  19. Choudhury SN, Paul SB, De B. A Bioactive Alkaloid from the Fruit of Coccinia grandis. Asian Journal of Chemistry. 2013;25(17):9561–9564. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2013.15078

Copyright

© 2025 Published by Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

DON'T MISS OUT!

Subscribe now for latest articles and news.