Murat Tuncturk 1, Ruveyde Tuncturk 1, Tamer Eryigit 2*, Lutfi Nohutcu 1
- Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Agricultural Faculty, Field Crops Department, Van, Turkey
- Van Y.Y.U. Gevas Vocational School, Department of Plant and Animal Production, Van, Turkey
Abstract
Cichorium intybus L. is a perennial plant species included the Asteraceae family and Cichorium genus. It is known as �Beyaz Hindiba� in the Turkey. C. intybus shows spread generally in Europe, West Asia and North Africa. In Turkey, it is in almost every region. The roots of this plant are used commonly in the treatment of diseases such as high fever, anorexia, headache, inflammation, indigestion, gout, skin allergy, asthma, colic, epilepsy and pharyngitis from time immemorial. In the study, it is aimed to determine some nutrients and mineral substance contents of C. intybus which is naturally grown around the Van lake in the Eastern Anatolia Region, Turkey. In plant samples, some nutrients and mineral contents such as total ash, crude protein, pH, crude cellulose and N, Na, Mg, K, Ca, P, S, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Co have been investigated. As a result of the research; it has been determined as crude protein ratio 9.53%, pH 6.25, total nitrogen content 1.53 %, crude ash content 6.21% and crude cellulose content 41.60%. In addition, while some mineral substance contents were determined as K 14.05 g/kg, Ca 12.25 g/kg, P 1.59 g/kg, Mn 20.04 mg/kg, Fe 161.68 mg/kg and Zn 18.84 mg/kg, heavy metal content were determined as Cr 0.09 mg/kg, Cd 0.15 mg/kg, Co 1.33 mg/kg and Pb 0.14 mg/kg.
References
- Bais HP and Ravishankar GA. Cichorium intybus L�cultivation, processing, utility, value addition and biotechnology, with an emphasis on current status and future prospects. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture.2001; 81:(5) 467-484.
- Demir N and Ta???n E. Hindiba (Cichorium intybus L.) Bitkisinden Myrosinaz Enziminin Safla?t?r?lmas?, Karakterize Edilmesi ve Kozmetik Alan?nda Kullan?labilirli?inin ?ncelenmesi. S�leyman Demirel �niversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstit�s� Dergisi.2012; 16:(3).
- Ren�e AS, Sidana J and Prinsloo G. Cichorium intybus: Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2013; 201313.
- Jan?i? D, Todorovi? V, Basi? Z and �obaji? S. Chemical composition and nutritive potential of Cichorium intybus L. leaves from Montenegro. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society.2016; 81:(10) 1141.
- Molan AL, Duncan AJ, Barry TN and McNabb WC. Effects of condensed tannins and crude sesquiterpene lactones extracted from chicory on the motility of larvae of deer lungworm and gastrointestinal nematodes. Parasitology International.2003; 52:(3) 209-218.
- Abbas ZK, Saggu S, Sakeran MI, Zidan N, Rehman H and Ansari AA. Phytochemical, antioxidant and mineral composition of hydroalcoholic extract of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) leaves. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences.2015; 22:(3) 322-326.
- Muthusamy V, Anand S, Sangeetha K, Sujatha S, Arun B and Lakshmi B. Tannins present in Cichorium intybus enhance glucose uptake and inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through PTP1B inhibition. Chemico-biological interactions.2008; 174:(1) 69-78.
- Mulabagal V, Wang H, Ngouajio M and Nair MG. Characterization and quantification of health beneficial anthocyanins in leaf chicory (Cichorium intybus) varieties. European Food Research and Technology.2009; 230:(1) 47.
- Kim M and Shin HK. The water-soluble extract of chicory reduces glucose uptake from the perfused jejunum in rats. The Journal of nutrition.1996; 126:(9) 2236-2242.
- Kim M. The water-soluble extract of chicory reduces cholesterol uptake in gut-perfused rats. Nutrition Research.2000; 20:(7) 1017-1026.
- Aksoy A. Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.): a possible biomonitor of metal pollution. Pak J Bot.2008; 40:(2) 791-797.
- Hassan HA and Yousef MI. Ameliorating effect of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)-supplemented diet against nitrosamine precursors-induced liver injury and oxidative stress in male rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology.2010; 48:(8-9) 2163-2169.
- Davis PH, Mill R and Tan K. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, U.K.1988.
- Elg�n A, Ertugay Z, Certel M and Kotanc?lar H. Tah?l ve �r�nlerinde Analitik Kalite Kontrol� ve Laboratuvar Uygulama K?lavuzu. A. �. Z. F., Yay?n No: 67, Erzurum, sayfa: 238.1998.
- AOAC. (17. Edition) Official methods of analysis, 17 edn, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Inc, Maryland, USA.2000.
- AOAC. Official Method 981.12 in 16 Edition Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Maryland, USA. 1996.
- Hanlon EA. Plant Analysis Reference Procedures for the Southern Region of the United States. Southern Cooperative Series Bulletin no: 368, The University of Georgia Crops and Soil Science Dept. , Athens GA.1992.
- Mitchell CC. Plant Analysis Reference Procedures for the Southern Region of the United States. Southern Cooperative Series Bulletin no: 368, The University of Georgia Crops and Soil Science Dept. , Athens GA.1992.
- �zbucak TB, Ak�in Ergen � and Yal�?n S. Nutrition contents of the some wild edible plants in Central Black Sea region of Turkey. International Journal of Natural and Engineering Sciences.2007; 111-13.
- Nwafor IC, Shale K and Achilonu MC. Chemical Composition and Nutritive Benefits of Chicory (Cichorium intybus) as an Ideal Complementary and/or Alternative Livestock Feed Supplement. The Scientific World Journal.2017; 201711.
- Van Eekeren N, Wagenaar J and Jansonius P. Mineral content of chicory (Cichorium intybus) and narrow leaf plantain (Plantago lanceolata) in grass-white clover mixtures. Quality Legume-Based Forage Systems for Contrasting Environments.2006; 121-123.
- Volpe MG, Nazzaro M, Di Stasio M, Siano F, Coppola R and De Marco A. Content of micronutrients, mineral and trace elements in some Mediterranean spontaneous edible herbs. Chemistry Central Journal.2015; 9:(1) 57.
- Tuncturk M, Eryigit T, Sekeroglu N and Ozgokce F. Chemical composition of some edible wild plants grown in Eastern Anatolia. American Journal of Essential Oils and Natural Products.2015; 2:(3) 31-34.
- Vishwakarma KL and Dubey V. Nutritional analyses of indigenous wild edible herbs used in Eastern Chhattisgarh India. Emir. J Food Agric.2011; 23:(6) 554-560.
- Rosa RH, de Oliveira Lopes AH, do Nascimento VA, de Arruda ALA, de Souza ID, da Silva AF and J�nior MAF. First determination of mineral composition of the leaf Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) used in human nourishment in the Midwest of Brazil and comparasion with dietary reference intakes for children and adults. International Archives of Medicine.2017; 10.
